Rainwater harvesting in the UK: a strategic framework to enable transition from novel to mainstream

............................................................................................. 2 List of Figures .................................................................................................................11 List of Tables...................................................................................................................17 List of Tables...................................................................................................................17 List of Abbreviations and Notations ...............................................................................20 Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................25 1 Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................26 1.1 Background .........................................................................................................26 1.2 Research Perspective...........................................................................................27 1.3 Aim, Objectives and Research Questions ...........................................................31 1.4 Research Approach .............................................................................................34 1.5 Originality and Contribution...............................................................................36 1.6 Thesis Structure...................................................................................................38 2 Chapter 2: Literature Review..............................................................................40 2.1 Sustainable Development, SWM and IWM........................................................41 2.2 SWM in the UK ..................................................................................................44 2.2.1 Increased Water Demand ................................................................................47 2.2.2 Increased Flood Occurrence............................................................................53 2.2.2.1 SUDS ..................................................................................................55 2.3 RWH as a SWM Technique................................................................................56 2.3.1 RWH for Demand Management .....................................................................57 2.3.2 RWH for Stormwater Management (SM).......................................................60 2.3.3 RWH for Demand and Stormwater Management...........................................64 2.3.4 RWH System Types........................................................................................66 2.3.5 Conventional RWH System Components.......................................................69 2.3.5.1 Energy Consumption...........................................................................71 2.3.6 Innovative and Experimental RWH Systems..................................................71 2.3.7 RWH System Tank Sizing ..............................................................................74 2.3.8 RWH System Sizing Tools .............................................................................76 2.3.9 RWH System Water Quality...........................................................................79 2.3.9.1 Microbiological Parameters ................................................................84 2.3.9.2 Physico-chemical Parameters and Heavy Metals ...............................85 2.3.9.3 RWH Water Quality Guidelines and Standards..................................86